Come take a ride in Tito´s time Machine – Part 10 - Macedonians Executed
Risto Stefov
October 19, 2009
If we "must" believe that Josip Broz Tito (May 7, 1892 - May 4, 1980), the Yugoslav dictator, along with the Communists, "invented" the Macedonians then we must also believe that Tito possessed a "Time Machine" because in this series of articles we will show you that the Macedonians existed way before Tito´s time.
As I turned the corner towards the "hiding place" the next morning, I could see TrueMacedonian from the distance pacing back and forth, preoccupied with his own thoughts. "Dobro Utro," I called out as I passed through the haze in the dip on my way towards him.
"Dobro Utro," he called out in a half squelched voice trying to keep quiet in case someone was lurking in the surrounding woodland. At this point TrueMacedonian stopped pacing and pulled out a well folded piece of paper from his pocket and handed it to me. "To save us time," he said "I wrote down what I was going to say. So here it is, but please put it away and read it at your leisure."
Unable to resist the temptation, and contrary to TrueMacedonian´s advice, I unfolded the piece of paper and began to read. Here is what he had written;
"Modern Greece: Made In Germany - Part II
http://www.maknews.com/forum/general-discussions/modern-greece-made-in-germany-pt-2-t17083.html
(´It's enough for the Greeks to mimic the Germans to regain what they once had.´) Ludwig Von Maurer, Das griechische Volk (1834).
Last we left off (Part I) reading about the affect that the Germans had on German Made Modern Greece. From Kingship to even Flagship today´s Neo-Hellene is the ultimate creation of what their German masters would have them be. Not to take away from the superstar of the nineteenth century Lord Byron, who catapulted the cause for their war for independence, but the Germans had him beat by a full century. They even went so far as to put Hellas into production before Greece existed as such. (1)
According to scholar Stathis Gourgouris ´The force of this cultural pre-construction in Greece cannot be underestimated, considering especially that the sociopolitical conditions prevailing at the end of the War of Independence point to an irreducible social and cultural discontinuity, to a zero point in the operation of those significations that were conceivably to propel and uphold the images of a new national identity.....Thus, the recourse of the new image of Hellas (both as cultural construct and as social system) began immediately upon the brief rule of Governor Kapodistrias and became efficiently implemented with the takeover of the Bavarian monarchy and its explicit desire for centralization and Hellenization. In fact, the cultural image of a modern Greece was put into production with much greater urgency than was a political-economic infrastructure, despite the obvious importance of the latter in a newly constituted State.´ (2)
German manufacturing was in full effect before the inhabitants of Modern Greece even knew who Zeus was. What happened in Greece was the invention of a myth of nationality that provided, at the deepest level, a metaphysical rationale for life and death: a meaning for what would otherwise be our futile, meaningless existence. No matter if the myth took various forms, for any myth is always the sum of its many variations. (3)
The seeds were planted and German production plants were popping up everywhere in German Made Modern Greece. The University of Athens (1837-) was the first institution of higher learning in the new Kingdom and was founded by King Otto on the German model. (4)
A Bavarian even ensured that Otto's kingdom would come supplied with excellent lager beer available to all newly made Greeks - its originator's name ´Fuchs´ having been Hellenized to ´Fix´ which is still available today in Modern Greece. (5) http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IU9IA_k0LnM
But we are missing the most important aspect of German manufacturing in modern Greece....the German made term 'Hellenism'. Hellenism, which was a term created by the German Johan Gustav Droysen, was the vehicle for expansionism spinning the wheels of the Megali Idea. The nationalist pseudo historian of the time was Constantinos Paparrigopoulos who was trying to put together the myth of an unbroken cultural descendent from ancient Hellas to German Made modern Greece. Unfortunately he faced much criticism from another German, believe it or not, named Jakob Phillip Fallmerayer.
Fallmerayer charged that the modern Greeks were not the descendents of the dead ancient race of Hellenes. In his opinion, and rightfully so, the modern inhabitants of Greece were a conglomeration of Slavs and Albanians and whatever else settled in the Balkans.
Paparrigopoulos had to not only prove the ´Megali Idea´ valid, but he also had to prove Fallmerayer wrong. Unfortunately he could not connect the pieces together on his own.
In his works previous to the 1850's, ancient Macedonia was a distinct nation not related to the ancient Hellene city-states- 'the Macedonian nation accomplished, in the general history [of civilization], a different mission from that of the Hellenic nation'. (6)
Paparrigopoulos was at a cross road. He could not figure out how to by-pass or connect the time through the ages of Philip of Macedon and Alexander the Great and of the Roman empire, East Roman empire (Byzantine Empire) to modern times. Droysen ultimately gave Paparrigopolous supposed weighty arguments that the ancient Macedonians were actually ancient Hellenes who supposedly spread Hellenic culture eastward with the reign of Alexander the Great. Droysen inspired in Paparrigopoulos a refined understanding and use of the theoretical principles of German historicism. (7)
Through Johan Gustav Droysen the pseudo historian Paparrigopoulos invented the fallacious term ´Macedonian Hellenism´ and put the pieces together of an unbroken mythological culture that stretched back from millennia´s to modern times. And there we have it. Germans inventing everything neo-Hellenic for the neo-Hellenes.
But we are not finished here. There are many more things to bring up about German Made Modern Greece like their Flag, their early German law system, German made libraries, German centralized police, etc. All this modernization and the Germans still had to drag the Greeks, screaming, into the nineteenth century. (8)
There is so much more to expose yet you the reader would end up reading a book instead of a 5 minute synopsis.
However I will give one more myth a bit of exposure because what I've left out of this equation is that which blends into the myth the ´continuation´ (German made Hellenism) that every Modern Greek is taught since birth. Every Modern Greek is taught from birth that he or she is the descendent of the dead race of ancient Hellenes. The proof is that they speak the same language (another false conception because the languages of the so called ´ancient Greeks´ is not even close to the language taught to the Modern Greeks in school which anyone can learn, even someone of a different race and colour).
Historian Andrew Baruch Wachtel gives an explanation on where this sort of thinking originated;
´In the Balkans...nations were created first, thanks to the hard work of a handful of European-oriented men; states for these nations came later. The model for Balkan nation builders therefore was not France, but rather Germany, where intellectuals carefully nurtured a sense of national consciousness well before the existence of a unified state. On the German model, the primary definition of a nation was linguistic: a nation was a nation (and could, therefore, hope for an independent political existence in the form of a state) insofar as its citizens spoke a common language. Although Balkan intellectuals and linguists tended to claim that a given language had already existed from time immemorial and thereby provided the necessary glue for a nation, this was generally not the case. Each putative language was in fact comprised of multiple dialects of equally ill-defined neighboring languages. Because the vernacular had been used for limited purposes since the Ottoman invasion, much work had to be done to transform these languages into vehicles suitable for a full range of modern administrative, commercial, and cultural purposes.´ (9)
And Wachtel gives us a perfect example of how the modern Greeks utilized this German linguistic nation building process by explaining the work of one Grigorios Zalikoglou (most likely a Vlach) who goes on to write that their language is the same as the language of the ancient Hellenes. Wachtel writes;
´Zalikoglou insists that modern and ancient Greek are the same language, though as the writer of a grammar he must have recognized that there are enormous differences between them. But because he needed linguistic continuity to buttress his claims for the historical continuity of the Greek nation, he overlooked this fact. Although he uses the language of race ('blood descendents'), he excludes anyone who does. Finally, language trumps any other potential marker of national identity - thus a Muslim would be considered Greek if he speaks the language, but a Turkish-speaking Orthodox Christian would not be, even if he could prove direct descent from Plato.´ (10)
Of course the rules changed later on with the Vlach Rigas Velenstinlis who asserted that any Orthodox Christian was a Greek.
From what we now know we can see the true nature of German Made Modern Greece and how they ultimately manufactured and newly assembled ethnic Greeks before the state Greece was even created.
´Greece is the most artificial of all artificial nations that resulted from the dissolution of the Ottoman Empire.´ Yerasimos Kaklamanis (Analysis of Neohellenic Bourgeois Ideology, page 13).
Sources
1, 2- Dream Nation by Stathis Gourgouris pages 86-87.
3- Inventing Greece by David Bien; Journal of Modern Greek Studies - Volume 23, Number 2, October 2005, pp. 217-234.
4- Greece The Modern Sequel from 1821-Present by John S. Koliopoulos and Thanos M. Veremis page 164.
5- The Greek Passion, by Kenneth Young page 159.
6, 7- European historiographical influences upon the young Konstantinos Paparrigopolous, by Ioannis Koubourlis; The Making of Modern Greece, Edited By Roderick Beaton, David Ricks pages 59-60.
8- The Greek Passion, by Kenneth Young pages 158-159.
9, 10- The Balkans in World History, by Andrew Baruch Wachtel pages 77-78.
(They must find it difficult...Those who have taken authority as the truth, Rather than truth as the authority.) Gerald Massey, Egyptologist"
By the time I had finished reading what was inside this well folded and crumpled at the edges piece of paper, it was time for me to duck into the Delorean´s trunk.
"I told you not to read it now!" exclaimed TrueMacedonian as he gently pushed the trunk shut with one hand while waving at Tito and the rest of the team approaching.
"You must be in a good mood this morning," Tito remarked to TrueMacedonian without saying good morning. "Let´s see how you all hold out through the day today. We are going to Athens, to April 25th, 1947," remarked Tito as he boarded the Delorean in his usual style.
"A bold move," I thought to myself, which was a shocking understatement because the next day I read the following sad news;
"Macedonians Executed
ATHENS, April 25 (Reuters) – Twenty guerrillas were shot by a firing squad at Kozani, Western Macedonia, today after being sentenced for alleged membership in a ´Slav Macedonian armed band´. The organization was accused of autonomist activities in Macedonia.
Seven communists were sentenced to death by a court-martial at Mytiline for activities endangering the state.
The Greek General Staff has filed an espionage charge against the management of the Athens newspaper Rizospastis, organ of the Greek communist party, which published an alleged top secret army report on the strength and organization of the guerrilla forces in Greece." (The New York Times, April 26, 1947)
Saddened by the news I had just read, I was wondering if Tito was responsible for the death of all those people. Or perhaps he was only responsible for calling them "Macedonians" and had nothing to do with their deaths? Then I remembered TrueMacedonian´s words that here in "fiction-land" nothing is what it seems. I convinced myself to stop speculating and wait for the team to return. Surely TrueMacedonian will have an explanation for this tragedy. Unfortunately my minutes of wait, turned to hours and no sign of the team. I couldn´t help but wonder if Tito and the team were among those killed. Will I ever see TrueMacedonian again?
To be continued.
Other articles by Risto Stefov:
http://www.maknews.com/html/articles.html#stefov
http://www.americanchronicle.com/authors/view/3446
Many thanks to TrueMacedonian from http://www.maknews.com/forum for his contribution to this article.
You can contact the author at rstefov@hotmail.com
Risto Stefov
October 19, 2009
If we "must" believe that Josip Broz Tito (May 7, 1892 - May 4, 1980), the Yugoslav dictator, along with the Communists, "invented" the Macedonians then we must also believe that Tito possessed a "Time Machine" because in this series of articles we will show you that the Macedonians existed way before Tito´s time.
As I turned the corner towards the "hiding place" the next morning, I could see TrueMacedonian from the distance pacing back and forth, preoccupied with his own thoughts. "Dobro Utro," I called out as I passed through the haze in the dip on my way towards him.
"Dobro Utro," he called out in a half squelched voice trying to keep quiet in case someone was lurking in the surrounding woodland. At this point TrueMacedonian stopped pacing and pulled out a well folded piece of paper from his pocket and handed it to me. "To save us time," he said "I wrote down what I was going to say. So here it is, but please put it away and read it at your leisure."
Unable to resist the temptation, and contrary to TrueMacedonian´s advice, I unfolded the piece of paper and began to read. Here is what he had written;
"Modern Greece: Made In Germany - Part II
http://www.maknews.com/forum/general-discussions/modern-greece-made-in-germany-pt-2-t17083.html
(´It's enough for the Greeks to mimic the Germans to regain what they once had.´) Ludwig Von Maurer, Das griechische Volk (1834).
Last we left off (Part I) reading about the affect that the Germans had on German Made Modern Greece. From Kingship to even Flagship today´s Neo-Hellene is the ultimate creation of what their German masters would have them be. Not to take away from the superstar of the nineteenth century Lord Byron, who catapulted the cause for their war for independence, but the Germans had him beat by a full century. They even went so far as to put Hellas into production before Greece existed as such. (1)
According to scholar Stathis Gourgouris ´The force of this cultural pre-construction in Greece cannot be underestimated, considering especially that the sociopolitical conditions prevailing at the end of the War of Independence point to an irreducible social and cultural discontinuity, to a zero point in the operation of those significations that were conceivably to propel and uphold the images of a new national identity.....Thus, the recourse of the new image of Hellas (both as cultural construct and as social system) began immediately upon the brief rule of Governor Kapodistrias and became efficiently implemented with the takeover of the Bavarian monarchy and its explicit desire for centralization and Hellenization. In fact, the cultural image of a modern Greece was put into production with much greater urgency than was a political-economic infrastructure, despite the obvious importance of the latter in a newly constituted State.´ (2)
German manufacturing was in full effect before the inhabitants of Modern Greece even knew who Zeus was. What happened in Greece was the invention of a myth of nationality that provided, at the deepest level, a metaphysical rationale for life and death: a meaning for what would otherwise be our futile, meaningless existence. No matter if the myth took various forms, for any myth is always the sum of its many variations. (3)
The seeds were planted and German production plants were popping up everywhere in German Made Modern Greece. The University of Athens (1837-) was the first institution of higher learning in the new Kingdom and was founded by King Otto on the German model. (4)
A Bavarian even ensured that Otto's kingdom would come supplied with excellent lager beer available to all newly made Greeks - its originator's name ´Fuchs´ having been Hellenized to ´Fix´ which is still available today in Modern Greece. (5) http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IU9IA_k0LnM
But we are missing the most important aspect of German manufacturing in modern Greece....the German made term 'Hellenism'. Hellenism, which was a term created by the German Johan Gustav Droysen, was the vehicle for expansionism spinning the wheels of the Megali Idea. The nationalist pseudo historian of the time was Constantinos Paparrigopoulos who was trying to put together the myth of an unbroken cultural descendent from ancient Hellas to German Made modern Greece. Unfortunately he faced much criticism from another German, believe it or not, named Jakob Phillip Fallmerayer.
Fallmerayer charged that the modern Greeks were not the descendents of the dead ancient race of Hellenes. In his opinion, and rightfully so, the modern inhabitants of Greece were a conglomeration of Slavs and Albanians and whatever else settled in the Balkans.
Paparrigopoulos had to not only prove the ´Megali Idea´ valid, but he also had to prove Fallmerayer wrong. Unfortunately he could not connect the pieces together on his own.
In his works previous to the 1850's, ancient Macedonia was a distinct nation not related to the ancient Hellene city-states- 'the Macedonian nation accomplished, in the general history [of civilization], a different mission from that of the Hellenic nation'. (6)
Paparrigopoulos was at a cross road. He could not figure out how to by-pass or connect the time through the ages of Philip of Macedon and Alexander the Great and of the Roman empire, East Roman empire (Byzantine Empire) to modern times. Droysen ultimately gave Paparrigopolous supposed weighty arguments that the ancient Macedonians were actually ancient Hellenes who supposedly spread Hellenic culture eastward with the reign of Alexander the Great. Droysen inspired in Paparrigopoulos a refined understanding and use of the theoretical principles of German historicism. (7)
Through Johan Gustav Droysen the pseudo historian Paparrigopoulos invented the fallacious term ´Macedonian Hellenism´ and put the pieces together of an unbroken mythological culture that stretched back from millennia´s to modern times. And there we have it. Germans inventing everything neo-Hellenic for the neo-Hellenes.
But we are not finished here. There are many more things to bring up about German Made Modern Greece like their Flag, their early German law system, German made libraries, German centralized police, etc. All this modernization and the Germans still had to drag the Greeks, screaming, into the nineteenth century. (8)
There is so much more to expose yet you the reader would end up reading a book instead of a 5 minute synopsis.
However I will give one more myth a bit of exposure because what I've left out of this equation is that which blends into the myth the ´continuation´ (German made Hellenism) that every Modern Greek is taught since birth. Every Modern Greek is taught from birth that he or she is the descendent of the dead race of ancient Hellenes. The proof is that they speak the same language (another false conception because the languages of the so called ´ancient Greeks´ is not even close to the language taught to the Modern Greeks in school which anyone can learn, even someone of a different race and colour).
Historian Andrew Baruch Wachtel gives an explanation on where this sort of thinking originated;
´In the Balkans...nations were created first, thanks to the hard work of a handful of European-oriented men; states for these nations came later. The model for Balkan nation builders therefore was not France, but rather Germany, where intellectuals carefully nurtured a sense of national consciousness well before the existence of a unified state. On the German model, the primary definition of a nation was linguistic: a nation was a nation (and could, therefore, hope for an independent political existence in the form of a state) insofar as its citizens spoke a common language. Although Balkan intellectuals and linguists tended to claim that a given language had already existed from time immemorial and thereby provided the necessary glue for a nation, this was generally not the case. Each putative language was in fact comprised of multiple dialects of equally ill-defined neighboring languages. Because the vernacular had been used for limited purposes since the Ottoman invasion, much work had to be done to transform these languages into vehicles suitable for a full range of modern administrative, commercial, and cultural purposes.´ (9)
And Wachtel gives us a perfect example of how the modern Greeks utilized this German linguistic nation building process by explaining the work of one Grigorios Zalikoglou (most likely a Vlach) who goes on to write that their language is the same as the language of the ancient Hellenes. Wachtel writes;
´Zalikoglou insists that modern and ancient Greek are the same language, though as the writer of a grammar he must have recognized that there are enormous differences between them. But because he needed linguistic continuity to buttress his claims for the historical continuity of the Greek nation, he overlooked this fact. Although he uses the language of race ('blood descendents'), he excludes anyone who does. Finally, language trumps any other potential marker of national identity - thus a Muslim would be considered Greek if he speaks the language, but a Turkish-speaking Orthodox Christian would not be, even if he could prove direct descent from Plato.´ (10)
Of course the rules changed later on with the Vlach Rigas Velenstinlis who asserted that any Orthodox Christian was a Greek.
From what we now know we can see the true nature of German Made Modern Greece and how they ultimately manufactured and newly assembled ethnic Greeks before the state Greece was even created.
´Greece is the most artificial of all artificial nations that resulted from the dissolution of the Ottoman Empire.´ Yerasimos Kaklamanis (Analysis of Neohellenic Bourgeois Ideology, page 13).
Sources
1, 2- Dream Nation by Stathis Gourgouris pages 86-87.
3- Inventing Greece by David Bien; Journal of Modern Greek Studies - Volume 23, Number 2, October 2005, pp. 217-234.
4- Greece The Modern Sequel from 1821-Present by John S. Koliopoulos and Thanos M. Veremis page 164.
5- The Greek Passion, by Kenneth Young page 159.
6, 7- European historiographical influences upon the young Konstantinos Paparrigopolous, by Ioannis Koubourlis; The Making of Modern Greece, Edited By Roderick Beaton, David Ricks pages 59-60.
8- The Greek Passion, by Kenneth Young pages 158-159.
9, 10- The Balkans in World History, by Andrew Baruch Wachtel pages 77-78.
(They must find it difficult...Those who have taken authority as the truth, Rather than truth as the authority.) Gerald Massey, Egyptologist"
By the time I had finished reading what was inside this well folded and crumpled at the edges piece of paper, it was time for me to duck into the Delorean´s trunk.
"I told you not to read it now!" exclaimed TrueMacedonian as he gently pushed the trunk shut with one hand while waving at Tito and the rest of the team approaching.
"You must be in a good mood this morning," Tito remarked to TrueMacedonian without saying good morning. "Let´s see how you all hold out through the day today. We are going to Athens, to April 25th, 1947," remarked Tito as he boarded the Delorean in his usual style.
"A bold move," I thought to myself, which was a shocking understatement because the next day I read the following sad news;
"Macedonians Executed
ATHENS, April 25 (Reuters) – Twenty guerrillas were shot by a firing squad at Kozani, Western Macedonia, today after being sentenced for alleged membership in a ´Slav Macedonian armed band´. The organization was accused of autonomist activities in Macedonia.
Seven communists were sentenced to death by a court-martial at Mytiline for activities endangering the state.
The Greek General Staff has filed an espionage charge against the management of the Athens newspaper Rizospastis, organ of the Greek communist party, which published an alleged top secret army report on the strength and organization of the guerrilla forces in Greece." (The New York Times, April 26, 1947)
Saddened by the news I had just read, I was wondering if Tito was responsible for the death of all those people. Or perhaps he was only responsible for calling them "Macedonians" and had nothing to do with their deaths? Then I remembered TrueMacedonian´s words that here in "fiction-land" nothing is what it seems. I convinced myself to stop speculating and wait for the team to return. Surely TrueMacedonian will have an explanation for this tragedy. Unfortunately my minutes of wait, turned to hours and no sign of the team. I couldn´t help but wonder if Tito and the team were among those killed. Will I ever see TrueMacedonian again?
To be continued.
Other articles by Risto Stefov:
http://www.maknews.com/html/articles.html#stefov
http://www.americanchronicle.com/authors/view/3446
Many thanks to TrueMacedonian from http://www.maknews.com/forum for his contribution to this article.
You can contact the author at rstefov@hotmail.com
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